{"id":772045,"url":"http://info.mzalendo.com/api/v0.1/hansard/entries/772045/?format=json","text_counter":450,"type":"other","speaker_name":"","speaker_title":"","speaker":null,"content":"Mr. Deputy Speaker, Sir, when I was Minister for Science and Technology between 1988 and 1992, nobody wanted to be called a Jua Kali operator because it was a very demeaning title. However, when the Bretton Wood institutions put a crunch on Kenya, we had no choice except to do skills upgrading. We did this by utilizing our vocational training centers which we now call village polytechnics to offer skills to those polytechnics to do certain innovations and inventions. We used the then the Directorate of Industrial Training---"}