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{
    "id": 123633,
    "url": "https://info.mzalendo.com/api/v0.1/hansard/entries/123633/?format=api",
    "text_counter": 213,
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    "speaker": null,
    "content": "Mr. Mbai is concerned about sand harvesting, which destroys the rivers. To my knowledge, sand harvesters are licensed by the local authorities, where they operate. County councils raise revenues from sand harvesters. So, this is an issue that the hon. Member can easily take up with the local authorities in his constituency. Mr. Speaker, Sir, I agree with Mr. Konchella that urbanisation is a permanent phenomenon. The migration of people from rural to urban areas is not a temporary occurrence but a permanent one. It happened in Europe and Japan. It is happening in China, USA and elsewhere. In this country, the mistake was made at Independence. Immediately after Independence, people began to migrate from rural areas to urban areas. There was a feeling that this was a temporary occurrence. The then President issued an order to the people to go back to the land. There was even a song that goes “ Mzee akasema rudimashambani ---“ People went back to the land but they found nothing useful to do there. So, they quickly came back to town but there was no planning to cope with the influx of populations from the rural areas. The colonial systems had planned. You see the estates that were constructed during that time. In Nairobi, Kaloleni, Shauri Moyo, Makongeni, Ziwani, Pumwani, Kariobangi and Ofafa estates were all built during the colonial times."
}