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{
    "id": 1239249,
    "url": "https://info.mzalendo.com/api/v0.1/hansard/entries/1239249/?format=api",
    "text_counter": 228,
    "type": "speech",
    "speaker_name": "Sen. Ali Roba",
    "speaker_title": "",
    "speaker": null,
    "content": "These districts were at that time Turkana, Marsabit, Wajir, Mandera, Garissa, Isiolo and Samburu. Post-independence Government of Kenya continued with that policy of Sessional Paper No.10 of 1965, which continued marginalizing. This concept of marginalization is greatly misunderstood. Marginalization is not equal to poverty or poverty equal to marginalization. Marginalization is a state of resource denial that was deliberate. It resulted from successive governments denying resources to certain areas of this country and, thereby, contributing to a very serious state of under-development within these regions as discussed. Madam Temporary Speaker, during the process of Constitution making, the leaders from the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASAL) regions lobbied extensively at the Bomas of Kenya for certain, specific and special consideration for some resources to be allocated for purposes of bringing these seriously under-developed regions as a result of resources denial by successive governments at par with the rest. That brought Article 204 that created 0.5 per cent of all revenues collected nationally to be shared between the marginalized counties that had been considered. Around that time when the Constitution was passed, the first three years of passage of the Constitution, 2010, the Commission on Revenue Allocation (CRA), which was also a creation of the Constitution, developed policy criteria identifying marginalized areas of sharing equalization fund. They came with 14 counties at that time; Turkana, Mandera, Wajir, Marsabit, Samburu, West Pokot, Tana River, Narok, Kwale, Garissa, Kilifi, Taita-Taveta, Isiolo and Lamu. The primary criteria that was used was just the state of under-development as envisaged in the Constitution, 2010. Madam Temporary Speaker, during the implementation, the process of institutionalization and operationalization of the Equalization Fund did not take shape. As a result, there was a myriad of problems that were institutional, political and otherwise,"
}