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    "id": 722588,
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    "content": "is about two years after which they move to other counties. This is a dire situation. I am happy and I commend this particular Committee that went out to assess the security situation in these particular counties of Mandera, Laikipia and Kapedo. Mandera and Moyale counties experience cases of insecurity because of bordering communities or sometimes from the neighbouring countries. For example, you will find that one community stealing cattle from another community, and later on, they also steal from that community. It is a vicious circle. In Samburu and Laikipia counties, we found it is difficult to address insecurity because some local politicians have been supporting their communities to gain access to pastures. This has escalated cases of insecurity in those particular counties. For a long time, intra-community or intra-county policing has not been successful in addressing the security situation in those areas. This is because when that is done, you find that you have isolated the problems of that county, you deal with them, but in most cases, the same problems recur in other counties. A problem in Laikipia County might be because people from Samburu County have infringed into Laikipia County people’ right and gone back. Residents of Laikipia County do not graze in Samburu County and they will tell you that they have remained within their confines. However, for as long as you do not have an intra-community county experience, where you bring everybody to the table to discuss what the issues are, then it becomes very difficult for these issues to be addressed. I am afraid that this happens in almost of counties. This situation escalates during drought because of lack of grazing pastures and scarcity of water. The security personnel cannot deal effectively with this situation because they are not well-equipped. They do not have proper housing. Sometime back, there was an initiative to make a review into this particular sector for the military and the police in order to improve their working conditions. A report was prepared and forwarded to the relevant authority. It is important to improve the working conditions of security personnel in those areas so that they become more effective in dealing with conflict situations in those counties. This report cites Turkana and Pokot boundary as a source of endless conflict. Again, it is because of scarcity of resources for both counties. There is a lot of hostility, suspicion and trepidation. When communities come together, they feel that they should give the other people a chance. Let us try to address this issue and have it solved immediately. We know of cases where one community fails to honour their agreement with other communities. Most of these agreements do not put a condition that whoever contravenes that agreement is the one who needs to pay a huge penalty. This creates a problem. This leads to situations where one community agrees on a cease-fire, but the other community attacks forcing the other community to revenge. It is worrying when you hear narratives that breastfeeding mothers in communities like Turkana and West Pokot tell their sons or daughters that one day when they grow up, they will kill a Turkana and vice versa. That is the novel of entrenched hatred and suspicion. It becomes difficult to address this from an administrative point of view only. We need to have a cultural aspect; the local leaders and the communities begin to share experiences on what they can do. This is escalated when there are intra-county boundary disputes which also happen in most of these counties. We had had cases where people The electronic version of the Senate Hansard Report is for information purposes only. A certified version of this Report can be obtained from the Hansard Editor, Senate"
}